Sunday, 25 August 2013
Sunday, 21 July 2013
तपाइंले Computer चलाउँदा Shortcut उपाय “18” Tips
तपाइंले Computer चलाउँदा Shortcut उपाय “18” Tips
तपाईं हामीले Computer चलाउँदा जती सजिलो अनि छिटो भयो भने समयको बचत अनि थोरै समयमा धेरै काम गर्न सकिन्छ त्यसैले आउनुस आफ्नो अमुल्य समयको महत्व बुझेर केहि Shortcut हेर्नुस Computer चलाउँदा कुनै एस्तो Function को जरुरत हुन्छ तर त्यो Function देखीएको हुदैन तर Shortcut बाट उतीबेला नै फेर्ला पार्न सकिने केही उदाहरण यहाँ तल हेर्नुस...
| keys (चाबीहरु) | Means (मतलब) |
Win logo+M | जब तपाइंले Keyboard बाट Windows key र M लाई एकै साथ थिच्नुहुन्छ त्यसपछी त्यसपछी तपाइंले हेरिराखेको Windows Minimize भएर Taskbar मा बसेको हुन्छ | |
Win logo+Shift+M | र त्यहि Windows लाई तपाइंले पुन खोल्नुपर्यो भने Keyboard बाट Windows key, Shift र M लाई एकैसाथ थिच्नुभायो भने त्यो Windows फेरी Minimize बाट Maximize हुनेछ मतलब फेरी खुल्नेछ | |
Ctrl+H | जब तपाईं कुनै पनि Site हेरिरहनुभएको छ र अचानक त्यस Site लाइ बन्द गरेर अरु कुनै Site मा जानुभयो Back गरेर जानुपर्दा नि धेरै समय लाग्छ त्यस Site मा पुन्जानु पर्यो भने Keyboard बाट Ctrl र H लाई एकैसाथ थिच्नुस त्यसपछी त्यहाँ सबै Website का लिंकहरु देखिनेछ यदी तपाइंले Computer बन्द गरेर अरु कुनै पनि दिन पनि खोज्न सक्नुहुन्छ Ctrl र H लाई थिच्नुभायो भने | |
Win logo+E | जब तपाइंलाई Computer Desktop मा जानुछ भने तपाईं Computer लेखेको Options मा Click गरेर जानुहुन्छ तर त्यसो गर्नु पर्दैन Keyboard बाट Windows key र E लाई एकैसाथ थिच्नुस त्यसपछी त्यहाँ Local Disk Hard disk जस्ता Drive हरुको Windows खुल्नेछ तर यदी तपाइले Windows Explorer को Settings बदल्नु भएको छ भने Library अथवा अरु कुनै हजुरले Set गरेको Windows खुल्नेछ | |
Win logo+R | जब तपाइंले Keyboard बाट Windows key र R लाई एकैसाथ थिच्नुहुन्छ त्यसपछी त्यहाँ Run File खुल्नेछ जसबाट आफ्नो Computer मा धेरै Settings अदलबदल गर्नको लागी जाने एउटा File हो | |
Ctrl+Enter | जब तपाईं कुनै पनि Website मा जानाक्को लागी Internet Windows खोल्नुहुन्छ र Adress bar मा Site को Adress Type गर्नुहुन्छ जस्तैwww.facebook.com तर तपाइंले त्यहाँ मात्र facebook लेखेर Keyboard बाट Ctrl र Enter गर्नुस अगाडीको www. र पछाडीको .com Automatic Type भएर खोलिनेछ | |
F6 | जब तपाईं कुनै पनि Site मा जानको लागी पक्कै पनि माथी tab मा रहेको Adress bar मा Type गर्नुहुन्छ र त्यसको लागी Mouse ठिक Adress Bar मा लगेर Click गरी Adress Type गर्नुहुन्छ तर Keyboard बाट F6 key लाई दबाउनुभायो भने Mouse लाई Adress bar मा लागीराख्नु पर्दैन F6 key थिच्नुस अनि Adress Type गर्नुस त्यहाँ Select भएको पहिलाको Link पनि Automatic delete हुनेछ |
Ctrl+A | जब तपाइंले Computer को Documents File Folder त्यहाँ जती पनि छ सबैलाई एकैसाथ Select गर्नु छ भने Right Click अथवा Organize मा गएर Select All गर्नुहुन्छ तर त्यसो गर्नु पर्दैन Direct Keyboard बाट Ctrl र A लाई थिच्नुस त्यहाँ जतीपनि भएको सबै Files एकैसाथ Select हुन्छ | |
Ctrl+C | जब तपाइंले Windows Explorer होस् अथवा Internet मा होस् आफुले Copy गर्नु पर्ने Programs Files लाई Select गरीसकेसी Copy गर्नको लागी Keyboard बाट Ctrl र C लाई एकैसाथ थिच्नुस त्यसपछी जती पनि Select भएको छ त्यी सबै Copy हुन्छ | |
Ctr+V | जब तपाइंले कुनै पनि SIte अथवा Windows Explorer का Files Documents लाई Copy गर्नुहुन्छ र त्यसलाई अर्को ठाउँमा लगेर राख्नको लागी Paste गर्नको लागी Keyboard बाट Ctrl र V लाई एकैसाथ थिच्नुस त्यहाँ Automatic Paste हुनेछ | |
Win logo | जब तपाइंले Keyboard बाट Windows key थिच्नुहुन्छ अनि त्यहाँ Desktop मा Start up Programs देखिएँछ त्यसको लागी Taskbar बाट Start Button मा Click गरेराख्नुपरने छैन | |
Backspace | जब तपाईं कुनै पनि Webpage अथवा Windows Explorer मा File हरु खोल्दै जानुहुन्छ त्यसपछी पुन पछाडी आउनको लागी सबैभन्दा माथी Back Button मा Click गर्नुहुन्छ तर तपाइंले त्यसो गर्नु पर्दैन Keyboard बाट Backspace थिच्नुस Windows खुल्नेछ | |
Ctrl+W | अहिले ठिक तपाईं कुन Windows Program हेरीराख्नु भएको छ र त्यसलाई ShortCut मा बन्द गर्नु पर्यो भने Keyboard बाट Ctrl+W key थिच्नुस तपाइंले हेरिराखेको Program Windows बन्द हुनेछ | |
Esc | तपाईं कत्तीको Webpage हरु हेर्ने गर्नुहुन्छ Internet भएपछी त पक्कै पनि घुम्नु हुन्छ होला नि यसो समाचार नयाँ-नौलो जानकारी पुनको लागी र कुनै यस्ता Site पनि हुन्छन जुन Site खोलिनु भन्दा पहिला नै अनेक प्रकार का बिज्ञापन र Like Box हरु अगाडी देखा पर्छन र त्यस्ता कतीपय मा त Close Button पनि देखिदैन बाध्य भएर त्यस बिज्ञापन मा Click अथवा Like गरेसी मात्रै खुल्ने हुन्छ खास गरी Facebook Like Box त्यसबाट छुटकारा पाउनको लागी Keyboard बाट Esc key थिच्नुस Automatic त्यो अगाडिको Box हार्नेछ र Site देखिएँछ | |
| यो Print Button भनेको यस्तो कमालको Button हो जसको सहाएताले Document Print त हुन्छ नै अझ त्यो भन्दा पनि बढीको फाइदा के छ भने यदी तपाइंले Computer को कुनै पनि Windows को फोटो लिनु पर्यो भने त्यसको लागी कुनै Camera को अथवा Third partySoftware को आबश्यकता पर्दैन त्यसको लागी मात्र Keyboard बाट Print Button थिच्नुस र Paint File खोलेर Keyboard बाट Ctrl+V थिच्नुस अनि त्यहाँ देखिएँछ तपाइंले चाहेको Window को चित्र र अब Size मिलाई Save गर्नुस तर त्यसको लागी तपाईं को Computer मा Paint Program हुन जरुरी छ | | |
Tab | तपाइंले Windows को कुनै पनि Programs खोल्नको लागी Mouse को Left Click हुन जरुरी छ तर त्यहि Left Click अचानक बिग्रीयो भने के गर्नुहुन्छ उदाहरणको लागी भनौ त्यसपछी तपैंले Computer मा कुनै पनि Programs खोल्न सक्नुहुन्न तर यदी त्यसो भैहाल्यो भने Keyboard मा रहेको tab key लाई थिचेर आफुले चाहेको कुनै पनि Programs Link लाई Select गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ यदी त्यसो भैहाल्यो भने Tab key थिचेर एक-एक Select गरी आफुले चाहेको Link सम्म Tab लाई लैजानुस अनि Keyboard बाट Enter key थिच्नुस Programs Open हुन्छ र अझै यसको अर्को सजिलो के हो भने तपाइंले कुनै पनि Site अथवा Windows मा User name password लेख्नु पर्दा User name लेखिसकेसी password type गर्नको लागी Mouse लाई Password box मा लैजानुहुन्छ तर त्यसो गर्नु पर्दैन Keyboard मा रहेको tab लाई थिच्नुभायो भने Automatic tab Change हुन्छ | |
Ctrl+J | तपाइंले केहि दिन अगाडी एउटा राम्रो Software Download गरेर Install गरी चलाउनु बहेको थियो तर हिजो मात्रै त्यसको काम नभएर हटाइदिनु भयो र आज फेरी त्यो Software को आबश्यकता पर्यो र त्यो Download गरेको Site को नाम पनि बिर्सिनु भयो भने के गर्ने त्यसको लागी सबै भन्दा पहिला Internet खोल्नुस अनि Keyboard बाट Ctrl र J key लाई एकैसाथ दबौनुस अब त्यहाँ देखिनेछ आज सम्म तपाइंले कती SOftware Download गर्नुभएको थियो अनि तपाइंलाई चाहिने Software कुन हो Download गर्न सक्नुहन्छ | |
Win logo+L | यदी तपाइंले Computer Lock गर्नुपर्यो भने सजिलो तरीका अपनाउनुस त्यसको लागी Keyboard बाट Windows र L लाई एकैसाथ थिच्नुस Computer Lock हुनेछ | |
Sunday, 30 June 2013
What is Hardware?
What is Hardware?
Not everybody has exactly the same hardware. But those of you who have a desktop system, like the example shown in Figure 1, probably have most of the components shown in that same figure. Those of you with notebook computers probably have most of the same components. Only in your case the components are all integrated into a single book-sized portable unit.
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Figure 1
The system unit is the actual computer; everything else is called a peripheral device. Your computer's system unit probably has at least one floppy disk drive, and one CD or DVD drive, into which you can insert floppy disks and CDs. There's another disk drive, called the hard disk inside the system unit, as shown in Figure 2. You can't remove that disk, or even see it. But it's there. And everything that's currently "in your computer" is actually stored on that hard disk. (We know this because there is no place else inside the computer where you can store information!).
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Figure 2
The floppy drive and CD drive are often referred to as drives with removable media or removable drives for short, because you can remove whatever disk is currently in the drive, and replace it with another. Your computer's hard disk can store as much information as tens of thousands of floppy disks, so don't worry about running out of space on your hard disk any time soon. As a rule, you want to store everything you create or download on your hard disk. Use the floppy disks and CDs to send copies of files through the mail, or to make backup copies of important items.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
There's too much "stuff" on your computer's hard disk to use it all at the same time. During the average session sitting at the computer, you'll probably use only a small amount of all that's available. The stuff you're working with at any given moment is stored in random access memory (often abbreviated RAM, and often called simply "memory"). The advantage using RAM to store whatever you're working on at the moment is that RAM is very fast. Much faster than any disk. For you, "fast" translates to less time waiting and more time being productive.
So if RAM is so fast, why not put everything in it? Why have a hard disk at all? The answer to that lies in the fact that RAM is volatile. As soon as the computer is shut off, whether intentionally or by an accidental power outage, every thing in RAM disappears, just as quickly as a light bulb goes out when the plug is pulled. So you don't want to rely on RAM to hold everything. A disk, on the other hand, holds its information whether the power is on or off.
So if RAM is so fast, why not put everything in it? Why have a hard disk at all? The answer to that lies in the fact that RAM is volatile. As soon as the computer is shut off, whether intentionally or by an accidental power outage, every thing in RAM disappears, just as quickly as a light bulb goes out when the plug is pulled. So you don't want to rely on RAM to hold everything. A disk, on the other hand, holds its information whether the power is on or off.
The Hard Disk
All of the information that's "in your computer", so to speak, is stored on your computer's hard disk. You never see that actual hard disk because it's sealed inside a special housing and needs to stay that way. Unlike RAM, which is volatile, the hard disk can hold information forever -- with or without electricity. Most modern hard disks have tens of billions of bytes of storage space on them. Which, in English, means that you can create, save, and download files for months or years without using up all the storage space it provides.
In the unlikely event that you do manage to fill up your hard disk, Windows will start showing a little message on the screen that reads "You are running low on disk space" well in advance of any problems. In fact, if that message appears, it won't until you're down to about 800 MB of free space. And 800 MB of empty space is equal to about 600 blank floppy disks. That's still plenty of room!
The Mouse
Obviously you know how to use your mouse, since you must have used it to get here. But let's take a look at the facts and buzzwords anyway. Your mouse probably has at least two buttons on it. The button on the left is called the primary mouse button, the button on the right is called the secondary mouse button or just the right mouse button. I'll just refer to them as the left and right mouse buttons. Many mice have a small wheel between the two mouse buttons, as illustrated in Figure 3.
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Figure 3.jpg)
The idea is to rest your hand comfortably on the mouse, with your index finger touching (but not pressing on) the left mouse button. Then, as you move the mouse, the mouse pointer (the little arrow on the screen) moves in the same direction. When moving the mouse, try to keep the buttons aimed toward the monitor -- don't "twist" the mouse as that just makes it all the harder to control the position of the mouse pointer.
If you find yourself reaching too far to get the mouse pointer where you want it to be on the screen, just pick up the mouse, move it to where it's comfortable to hold it, and place it back down on the mousepad or desk. The buzzwords that describe how you use the mouse are as follows:
- Point: To point to an item means to move the mouse pointer so that it's touching the item.
- Click: Point to the item, then tap (press and release) the left mouse button.
- Double-click: Point to the item, and tap the left mouse button twice in rapid succession - click-click as fast as you can.
- Right-click: Point to the item, then tap the mouse button on the right.
- Drag: Point to an item, then hold down the left mouse button as you move the mouse. To drop the item, release the left mouse button.
- Right-drag: Point to an item, then hold down the right mouse button as you move the mouse. To drop the item, release the right mouse button.
The Keyboard
Like the mouse, the keyboard is a means of interacting with your computer. You really only need to use the keyboard when you're typing text. Most of the keys on the keyboard are laid out like the keys on a typewriter. But there are some special keys like Esc (Escape), Ctrl (Control), and Alt (Alternate). There are also some keys across the top of the keyboard labeled F1, F2, F3, and so forth. Those are called the function keys, and the exact role they play depends on which program you happen to be using at the moment.
Most keyboards also have a numeric keypad with the keys laid out like the keys on a typical adding machine. If you're accustomed to using an adding machine, you might want to use the numeric keypad, rather than the numbers across the top of the keyboard, to type numbers. It doesn't really matter which keys you use. The numeric keypad is just there as a convenience to people who are accustomed to adding machines.
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Figure 4
Most keyboards also contain a set of navigation keys. You can use the navigation keys to move around around through text on the screen. The navigation keys won't move the mouse pointer. Only the mouse moves the mouse pointer.
On smaller keyboards where space is limited, such as on a notebook computer, the navigation keys and numeric keypad might be one in the same. There will be a Num Lock key on the keypad. When the Num Lock key is "on", the numeric keypad keys type numbers. When the Num Lock key is "off", the navigation keys come into play. The Num Lock key acts as a toggle. Which is to say, when you tap it, it switches to the opposite state. For example, if Num Lock is on, tapping that key turns it off. If Num Lock is off, tapping that key turns Num Lock on.
Combination Keystrokes (Shortcut keys)
Those mysterious Ctrl and Alt keys are often used in combination with other keys to perform some task. We often refer to these combination keystrokes as shortcut keys, because they provide an alternative to using the mouse to select menu options in programs. Shortcut keys are always expressed as:
key1+key2
where the idea is to hold down key1, tap key2, then release key1. For example, to press Ctrl+Esc hold down the Ctrl key (usually with your pinkie), tap the Esc key, then release the Ctrl key. To press Alt+F you hold down the Alt key, tap the letter F, then release the Alt key.
कसरी बनाउने New Partition (Volume) Disk Windows 7
कसरी बनाउने New Partition (Volume) Disk Windows 7
१. सबैभन्दा पहिला "Start" button मा Click गरेर "Computer" मा Right Click गरी "Manage" मा Click गर्नुहोस
३. त्यसपछी अब त्यहाँ खुलेको Pop up Windows को तल "Next" button थिच्नुहोस
४. र त्यहाँ पनि हजुरले केहि पनि नगरी मात्र तल "Next" button मा थिच्नुहोस तर यदी हजुर चाहनुहुन्छ भने Volume Size MB: घटाउन बढाउन पनि सक्नुहुन्छ
५. अब त्यहँ खुलेको अर्को Windows को तल पनि हजुरले मात्र "Next" button थिच्नुहोस
६. फेरी पनि त्यहाँ माथी हजुरले केहि पनि फेरबदल गर्नु पर्दैन केवल तल "Next" Button दबाए हुन्छ
७. र अब हजुरले त्यहाँ "तल Finish" Button दबाउनुहोस
८. त्यसपछी अब केहि समय पर्खनुहोस र Automatic एउटा Auto Play लेखेको Windows खुल्नेछ र हजुरले त्यसलाई बन्द गर्नुहोस र अब Computer मा गएर हेर्नुस त्यहाँ एउटा खाली Disk देख्नुहुनेछ जस्तै यहाँ तलको चित्र हेर्नुहोस त एकचोटी
त्यसपछी अब तपाइंले आफुले चाहेको File Folder हरुलाई Copy अथवा Cut गरेर त्यस Disk मा राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ र यदी तपाईं त्यस Disk को नाम बदल्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने Disk मा Right Click गरेर "Rename" मा Click गरी नाम पनि परिबर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ धन्यबाद |
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